The aim of this study was to determine whether different cultural backgrounds influence visual performance and lighting preferences under various lighting scenes that vary in illuminance and correlated color temperature. Previous research identified cross-cultural differences in mood and preferences; however, no clear link has been established between these factors and visual performance. This study aims to address this gap by conducting an experiment in an office-like setting, where participants completed a cognitive task under six lighting conditions. A total of 27 participants from three world regions were involved. Results showed differences in performance between cultures, with sleep and culture emerging as the most significant factors. Lighting conditions had no effect on performance, suggesting that other cultural or environmental factors may play a stronger role. While preferences for lighting varied across cultures, no correlation was found between lighting preferences and visual performance. Future research should investigate additional factors that influence visual performance to ensure the needs of the diverse group of people working in offices and schools.