------------------- GENERAL INFORMATION ------------------- 1. Title of Dataset: Photo-actuators via epitaxial growth of microcrystal arrays in polymer membranes 2. Authors: Wenwen Xu (University of Colorado Boulder), David M. Sanchez (Stanford University), Umberto Raucci (Stanford University), Hantao Zhou (University of Colorado Boulder), Xinning Dong (University of California, Riverside), Mingqiu Hu (University of Massachusetts Amherst), Christopher J. Bardeen (University of California, Riverside), Todd J. Martinez (Stanford University), Ryan C. Hayward (University of Colorado Boulder) 3. Contact information: Corresponding author - Ryan.Hayward@colorado.edu -------------------------- SHARING/ACCESS INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Licenses/restrictions placed on the data: CC0 1.0 Universal (CC0 1.0) Public Domain Dedication 2. Links to publications that cite or use the data: “Photo-actuators via epitaxial growth of microcrystal arrays in polymer membranes”, Nature Materials (2023). DOI: 10.1038/s41563-023-01610-4 3. Links to other publicly accessible locations of the data: N/A 4. Recommended citation for the data: W. Xu, , D.M. Sanchez, U. Raucci, H. Zhou, X. Dong, M. Hu, C.J. Bardeen, T.J. Martinez, R.C. Hayward, “Photo-actuators via epitaxial growth of microcrystal arrays in polymer membranes,” (2023). DOI: 10.25810/vm46-e710 --------------------- DATA & FILE OVERVIEW --------------------- 1. File List: PvEG_Figure_2-1.tiff: Image of an as-prepared PETE composite, which is highly flexible and can be folded in half without loss of photomechanical response. PvEG_Figure_2-2.tiff: Image of an as-prepared PETE composite hybrid showing reversible bending/unbending behavior upon alternating UV and green light exposure on the bottom surface. PvEG_Figure_2-3.tiff: Image of an as-prepared PETE composite hybrid showing reversible bending/unbending behavior upon alternating UV and green light exposure on the bottom surface. PvEG_Figure_2-4.tiff: SEM cross-sectional image of the 22-µm-thick composite revealing a distinctive morphology near the top surface compared to the rest of the nanowire when filled inside the PETE channels. PvEG_Figure_2-5.tiff: Image showing polarized crystals. The polycrystalline part (top side) has a bright pink color regardless of its orientation with respect to the polarizer and analyzer, while the single crystalline part (bottom side) is uniformly bright yellow. PvEG_Figure_2-6.tiff: Image showing polarized crystals. The polycrystalline part (top side) has a bright pink color regardless of its orientation with respect to the polarizer and analyzer, while the single crystalline part (bottom side) is uniformly dark. PvEG_Figure_3-1.tiff: An X-ray diffraction pattern obtained with X-rays incident nearly parallel to the sample surface. PvEG_Figure_3-2.tiff: An X-ray diffraction pattern obtained with X-rays incident normal to the sample surface. PvEG_Figure_3-3.tiff: An X-ray diffraction pattern obtained with X-rays incident normal to the sample surface. PvEG_Figure_3-4.tiff: SEM image of the bottom surface of a composite showing biaxially aligned crystals. PvEG_Figure_4-1.tiff: The bending curvature of the 22-µm-thick composites. PvEG_Figure_4-2.tiff: The bending curvature of the 11-µm-thick composites. PvEG_Figure_4-3.tiff: An 11-µm-thick composite before lifting a nylon ball glued to its tip. PvEG_Figure_4-4.tiff: An 11-µm-thick composite after lifting a nylon ball glued to its tip. PvEG_Figure_5-1.tiff: The equilibrium configuration of a strip after UV exposure as right-handed helix and left-handed helix. PvEG_Figure_5-2.tiff: The equilibrium configuration of a strip after UV exposure as nearly flat configuration. PvEG_Figure_5-3.tiff: The equilibrium configuration of a strip after UV exposure as a ring. PvEG_Figure_5-4.tiff: Snapshot of photosalient behavior of a composite strip right after the latent period. PvEG_Figure_5-5.tiff: Snapshot of photosalient behavior of a composite strip right after the latent period. PvEG_Figure_5-6.tiff: Snapshot of photosalient behavior of a composite strip right after the latent period. PvEG_Figure_5-7.tiff: Snapshot of photosalient behavior of a composite strip right after the latent period. PvEG_SI_Figure_01.tiff: An optical micrograph of large plate-like single crystal of DMPT-PFCP. PvEG_SI_Figure_02-1.tiff: X-ray scattering pattern when X-rays are incident almost parallel to the sample surface. PvEG_SI_Figure_02-2.tiff: X-ray scattering pattern when X-rays are incident perpendicularly to the sample plane. PvEG_SI_Figure_03.tiff: SEM image of a track etched PETE membrane. PvEG_SI_Figure_04-1.tiff: Bending curvature of a composite is less when UV light is incident from the top surface. PvEG_SI_Figure_04-2.tiff: Bending curvature of a composite is less when UV light is incident from the bottom surface. PvEG_SI_Figure_05-1.tiff: SEM images of an as-prepared composite viewed from the top side. PvEG_SI_Figure_05-2.tiff: SEM images of an as-prepared composite viewed from the bottom side. PvEG_SI_Figure_06-1.tiff: Composite with multiple different preferred bending directions. PvEG_SI_Figure_06-2.tiff: Composite with multiple different preferred bending directions. PvEG_SI_Figure_08.tiff: Diffraction pattern with multiple orientations. PvEG_SI_Figure_15.tiff: Cross-sectional image of an 11 μm composite. PvEG_SI_Figure_17-1.tiff: Visible image for the composite before UV exposure. PvEG_SI_Figure_17-2.tiff: IR image for the composite before UV exposure. PvEG_SI_Figure_17-3.tiff: Visible image for the composite during UV exposure. PvEG_SI_Figure_17-4.tiff IR image for the composite during UV exposure. PvEG_SI_Figure_20-1.tiff: Image one frame one before pulsed exposure of a 11 μm thick composite to 2 W/cm2 of 365 nm light for 5 ms. PvEG_SI_Figure_20-2.tiff: Image one frame after before pulsed exposure of a 11 μm thick composite to 2 W/cm2 of 365 nm light for 5 ms. PvEG_Raw_data_for_main_text.xlsx: Excel file with two sheets. figure4d: Actuation speed for both composites under 144 mW/cm2 of 340 nm UV light. figure4e: Data showing composite can be cycled at least 700 times without substantial deterioration in performance. PvEG_Raw_data_for_SI_figure.xlsx: Excel file with eight sheets. SI figure 09: Azimuthal X-ray intensity profiles for reflections. SI figure 10: Azimuthal X-ray intensity profiles for reflections. SI figure 12: 1D X-ray pattern of the composite before and after UV exposure. SI figure 13: UV exposure (at 22 mW/cm2) of 22-μm-thick templates. SI figure 16: Weight-lifting experiment for 11 μm and 22 μm composites. SI figure 18: The recovery kinetics for 11 μm and 22 μm composites under 200 mW/cm2 of 530 nm light. SI figure 19: The response kinetics for a 22-μm-thick composite. SI figure 21: Actuator subjected to alternating UV/green light exposure for 100 cycles and then physically folded into half, followed by an additional 100 cycles. 2. Relationship between files: PvEG_Figure images and PvEG_Raw_data_for_main_text.xlsx are associated with the article "High-performance photo-actuators via epitaxial growth of microcrystal arrays in polymer membranes." PvEG_SI_Figure images and PvEG_Raw_data_for_SI_figure.xlsx are associated with the Supplementary Information published with the article "High-performance photo-actuators via epitaxial growth of microcrystal arrays in polymer membranes." -------------------------- METHODOLOGICAL INFORMATION -------------------------- 1. Description of methods used for collection/generation of data: Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were acquired using a Hitachi SU3500 microscope (Hitachi High Technologies America, Inc), with accelerating voltage at 10-15 kV and a secondary electron detector. Prior to SEM experiments, the sample was sputtered with a ~ 1.5 nm thick Pt layer using a sputter coater (108auto, Cressington Scientific Instruments Ltd). X-ray scattering patterns were recorded at ambient temperature using a Ganesha SAXS-LAB instrument (X-ray wavelength = 1.54 Å, Cu Kα radiation) with a sample to detector distance of 86.55 mm and detector size of 83.8×106.5 mm2. Polarized optical micrographs were obtained using a Zeiss AxioTech Vario upright microscope with 50× objective lens and between two crossed polarizers mounted on it. UV-Vis spectra were recorded using a Flame miniature spectrometer from Ocean Optics. LED lights (M340L5, M530L4 and M365LP1) were purchased from Thorlabs. For all of the light exposure experiments in current work, unless specified, 340 nm wavelength (M340L5) was used. High frame rate images were captured with a high-speed camera (SA3, model 120K-M2) from Photron. Due to the limited memory of the camera, the relative long jumping latent period was recorded at 60 frames per second (FPS) and the quick jumping process right after the latent period was recorded at 4000 FPS. The pulsed strong UV light induced actuation (response resolution) experiment was recorded at 5000 FPS.