Colonialism laid the foundation for countries to build on after they became independent. It created longstanding effects that reverberate throughout the globe in current day. Specifically, regarding the quality of health and healthcare for the population in these former colonies. The current understanding of this relationship is not clear, with little causal mechanisms that explain the connection between colonialism and inverse health outcomes. This research uses three intervening variables to show the relationship between colonialism and inverse health and healthcare outcomes. The first being regime type; where colonialism created an environment for autocratic regimes to thrive, and where autocratic regimes are worse for the health and healthcare of the country. The second is ethnic fragmentation. Colonization allowed for ethnic fractionalization to be more prominent, and a more ethnically fragmented country creates a lower quality of health and healthcare. Lastly, is resource exploitation. During the colonial era, these colonies were heavy extractors for the resources across the globe, and now as independent countries they still are extracting resources and exporting them to their previous colonizers. This reliance on exportation makes for a country that has a less stable healthcare institution and exploits the resources, people, and land to make profits.